abstract：:Although much of cancer research relies on Nowell's clonal evolution hypothesis as a conceptual framework, large gaps remain in understanding how tumors develop. The multistage skin cancer model in mice provides continuing insight on fundamental aspects of tumor evolution. In this model, mutation of the oncogene Hras ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Kemp CJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small molecule inhibitors target specific metabolic pathways in tumor cells and are a promising class of drugs for the treatment of cancers. The best known example is the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with Gleevec. This is a small molecule inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl kinase which has been shown to drive the...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Wodarz D,Komarova NL

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neoplasms progress to cancer through a process of natural selection. The rate of evolution, and thus progression is determined by three parameters: mutation rate, population size of the evolving neoplastic cells, and intensity of selection or rate of clonal expansion. All three parameters are reviewed in the context o...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Maley CC,Reid BJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extravasation has been described as a rate-limiting step in the process of hematogeneous metastasis formation. Thereby, transendothelial migration of tumor cells consists of a complex series of events involving multiple cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. 3D-extravasation assays are valuable tools for the identifi...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Brandt B,Heyder C,Gloria-Maercker E,Hatzmann W,Rötger A,Kemming D,Zänker KS,Entschladen F,Dittmar T

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proliferating cells and tumor cells in particular express the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (M2-PK). Within the tumor metabolome M2-PK regulates the proportions of glucose carbons that are channelled to synthetic processes (inactive dimeric form) or used for glycolytic energy production (highly active tetrameric f...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Mazurek S,Boschek CB,Hugo F,Eigenbrodt E

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor-stromal interactions induce expression of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases and, as shown recently, the cysteine protease cathepsin B. We speculate that such interactions upregulate the transcription factor Ets1, resulting in increased cathepsin B expression. This would be consistent with the observ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Sloane BF,Yan S,Podgorski I,Linebaugh BE,Cher ML,Mai J,Cavallo-Medved D,Sameni M,Dosescu J,Moin K

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical Oncologists have largely ignored the debate over genetic instability in human cancers. It is clear that genetic lesions themselves provide valuable information in the treatment of patients with cancer and those genetic lesions can be exploited successfully as therapeutic targets. Whether the mechanisms result...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Diaz LA Jr

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:People are continuously exposed exogenously to varying amounts of chemicals that have been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties in experimental systems. Exposure can occur exogenously when these agents are present in food, air or water, and also endogenously when they are products of metabolism or pathop...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Wogan GN,Hecht SS,Felton JS,Conney AH,Loeb LA

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Notch signaling is mediated by cell-cell interactions and is critical for cell fate determination in many species. Recently, a family of mastermind-like (MAML) transcriptional co-activator genes was identified that encode proteins that cooperate with Notch and CSL to activate transcription. Here, we review our current...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Wu L,Griffin JD

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biology and the pathology of the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs; p38s and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs)) are somewhat confusing. In some systems, these enzymes augment cell proliferation whereas in other cells they support growth arrest and tumor suppressing activity. Similarly, in some types of can...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Engelberg D

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leukocytes, and macrophages in particular, are an important component of the stroma of neoplastic tissues. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have the properties of a polarized M2 population and are a key component of inflammatory circuits which promote tumor growth and progression. Chemokines play a key role in the r...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Mantovani A,Allavena P,Sozzani S,Vecchi A,Locati M,Sica A

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of vaccines for melanoma has been accelerated by the identification of melanoma-associated antigens, a better understanding of basic immunologic principles, and the ability to construct complex vectors for immunization. The location and context in which T-cell priming occurs significantly influences th...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Hörig H,Kaufman HL

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing of whole genomes has provided new perspectives into the blueprints of diverse organisms. Knowing the sequences, however, does not always tell us much about the function of the genes that regulate development and homeostasis. RNA interference (RNAi) is becoming the method of choice for gene function analysis...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Kittler R,Buchholz F

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Higher grade histological transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL) to more aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) occurs in 10-60% of the cases. Review of the current knowledge of genetic and molecular alterations associated with the higher grade transformation of FCL suggests that the process that leads ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Lossos IS,Levy R

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the molecular and genetic determinants of cancer will provide unique opportunities for developing rational and effective therapies. Malignant cells are frequently resistant to chemotherapy and radiation induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). This resistance can occur by mutations in the tumor suppres...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Lebedeva IV,Su ZZ,Sarkar D,Fisher PB

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, work on the mechanism of action of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) and studies on hypoxic gene regulation have converged, providing insights into both cellular oxygen sensing and cancer pathogenesis. pVHL is the recognition component of the E3-ubiquitin ligase complex involved in the d...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Pugh CW,Ratcliffe PJ

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a striking geographical and ethnical distribution. It occurs with high frequency in southern China and Southeast Asia. Family clustering was also observed in NPC and a typical family with 15 NPC cases was introduced in this paper. Epidemiological and genetic studies have been carried...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Zeng YX,Jia WH

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laminins are a growing family of alphabetagamma heterotrimeric proteins, commonly found in basement membranes (BMs). These large molecules promote cell adhesion and migration via integrins and other cell-surface receptors. Over 12 laminin isoforms are presently known. The various isoforms have a cell- and tissue-speci...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Patarroyo M,Tryggvason K,Virtanen I

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major cause of death from cancer is due to metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies. Several reasons account for the failure to treat metastases. First, neoplasms are biologically heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with different angiogenic, invasive, and metastatic properties. Second...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Fidler IJ

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) are central to the initiation of immunity. To induce immune reactivity, DC are recruited at the site of antigen expression, uptake antigens and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs while receiving activation signals delivered by pathogens, dying cells, and/or T cells. Tumours can escape the immune...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Vicari AP,Caux C,Trinchieri G

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for the majority of familial breast-ovarian cancer, but only a modest proportion of breast cancer families without ovarian or male breast cancer. Search for additional breast cancer genes with traditional linkage analysis has so far been unsucc...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Borg A

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequent loss of the INK4a/ARF locus, encoding for both p16(INK4a)and p19(ARF)in human melanoma, raises the question as to which INK4a/ARF gene product functions to suppress melanoma-genesis in vivo. Studies in the mouse have shown that activated RAS mutation can cooperate with INK4a(Delta 2/3)deficiency (null for...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Yang FC,Merlino G,Chin L

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations across a range of disciplines over the past decade have brought the study of cell motility and its role in invasion to an exciting threshold. The biophysical forces proximally involved in generating cell locomotion, as well as the underlying signaling and genomic regulatory processes, are gradually beco...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Kassis J,Lauffenburger DA,Turner T,Wells A

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant mesothelioma, a tumor of the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum, is presently a worldwide problem. Current therapy is ineffective in slowing the course of the disease, and median survival from the time of diagnosis is rarely greater than 1 year. While the tumor was almost unknown prior to the second half of...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Rizzo P,Bocchetta M,Powers A,Foddis R,Stekala E,Pass HI,Carbone M

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of reverse immune surveillance, first conceived over 12 years ago, described the relationship that existed between germinal center-derived B cell lymphoma cells and the host immune system in SjL/J mice. According to reverse immune surveillance, recognition of tumor cell antigens and a response by the host ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Ponzio NM,Thorbecke GJ

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and a major cause of death in middle-aged women. A positive family history of breast cancer is one of the strongest risk factors for the disease. In addition, many afflicted breast cancer families are characterized by early onset and bilateral tumors, and also, in som...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Arver B,Du Q,Chen J,Luo L,Lindblom A

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common histological form of primary liver cancer; the tumor cells having retained features of hepatocytic differentiation. It is important to emphasize the heterogeneity of the histological background on which the tumor develops. Most HCCs complicate the evolution of an activ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Bréchot C,Gozuacik D,Murakami Y,Paterlini-Bréchot P

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferons are important cytokines which regulate antiviral, cell growth, immune modulatory and anti-tumor functions. These pleiotropic effects of interferons are brought about by a large number of cellular proteins, the interferon-inducible proteins. Investigation of the biochemical and cellular activities of some o...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Sen GC

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histamine is produced from histidine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in many cells including normal and malignant lymphocytes. We examined the expression of HDC and the effect of histamine receptor antagonists on the proliferation of a human T cell line, Jurkat and on antigen-driven proliferation of lymphocytes from ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Radvány Z,Darvas Z,Kerekes K,Prechl J,Szalai C,Pállinger E,Valéria L,Varga VL,Sandor M,Erdei A,Falus A

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the viral sexually transmitted diseases most frequently diagnosed that include anogenital condylomas and squamous intra-$bepithelial lesions, among which the precursors of invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix. In animal PV models, vaccination against L1 and/or L2 ...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Breitburd F,Coursaget P

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide sequence analysis at five distinct loci across the 140, 000 bp genomes of more than 60 KSHV samples from KS and PEL tumors from North America, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific revealed that they cluster into four major subtypes (A, B, C and D) that have close associations with the geographic an...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Hayward GS

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is serine protease produced at high concentrations by normal and malignant prostatic epithelium. It is mainly secreted into seminal fluid, where it digests the gel forming after ejaculation. Only minor amounts of PSA leak out into circulation from the normal prostate, but the release of...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Stenman UH,Leinonen J,Zhang WM,Finne P

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The HLA-G gene gives rise to six differently spliced mRNAs. The membrane bound HLA-G1 molecule containing all three extracellular domains presents peptides that follow motif requirements similar to those of classical HLA class I molecules. This isoform is also capable of inhibiting Natural Killer (NK) cells, but is on...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Münz C,Nickolaus P,Lammert E,Pascolo S,Stevanović S,Rammensee HG

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone-related cancers may originate in utero. Accumulating evidence is given by animal studies, descriptive epidemiologic data and analytic etiologic studies. Indicators of high levels of endogenous pregnancy hormones, like high birth weight and jaundice in the offspring, are associated with increased risk for breas...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Ekbom A

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The p53 tumor suppressor is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer. p53 protein is stabilized in response to different checkpoints activated by DNA damage, hypoxia, viral infection, or oncogene activation resulting in diverse biological effects, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, differentiation...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： el-Deiry WS

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rel/NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor that consists of multiple polypeptide subunits, and is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms that involve protein-protein interactions, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, proteolytic degradation, and nucleocytoplasmic translocation. The sophisticated control of Rel/...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Mosialos G

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular events underlying prostatic tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. The application of cytogenetic, molecular genetic and molecular cytogenetic techniques have led to the identification of consistent genetic changes. This paper will discuss these techniques, review the genetic aberrations discovere...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Roylance R,Spurr N,Sheer D

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The xeroderma pigmentosum group A correcting (XPA) gene encodes a DNA binding zinc-finger protein that recognizes DNA damage. As such the XPA protein participates in the initial step of the process of nucleotide excision repair. The multicomponent nucleotide excision repair pathway is one of the most thoroughly studie...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： de Vries A,van Steeg H

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the human tumour showing the most consistent association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The recent detection of EBV in in-situ NPC lesions has shed light on the sequence of events leading to the development of invasive NPC, and will be discussed in the context of what is known about E...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Niedobitek G,Agathanggelou A,Nicholls JM

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor cell invasion is now viewed as dysregulated physiologic invasion. Investigators have started to define the molecular events that are involved in this process. We find that there are many functional similarities with molecular events involved in physiologic process such as angiogenesis and wound healing. Matrix m...

journal_title：Seminars in cancer biology

authors： Stetler-Stevenson WG,Hewitt R,Corcoran M

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00